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Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) ; translation: ''Jharkhand Liberation Front'') is a state political party in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It has two seats in the 15th Lok Sabha. Shibu Soren is the president of the JMM. JMM is also an influential political party in the neighbouring indian states of Odisha and West Bengal. The party was officially created on the birthday of Birsa Munda, the 19th century tribal warrior of Jharkhand, who fought against the British rule in present-day Jharkhand.〔P. 522 ''Lok Sabha debates'' by India. Parliament. House of the People, India. Parliament. Lok Sabha〕 The State of Jharkhand also came into existence on Birsa Munda's birthday in 2000.〔P. 200 ''Basic Facts of General Knowledge'' By Sura College of Competition, V.V.K.Subburaj〕 100% of their MP's who contested in 2009 elections were candidates with pending criminal cases in their name. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=satyamevjayate )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Association for Democratic Reforms )〕 == Formation == For almost six decades the movement for formation of Jharkhand from Bihar had been changing colour and strategy to gain a foothold. The Jharkhand Party grew politically stronger but the commissions examining the demands for a separate Jharkhand State rejected these demands every time. Despite the reports of these commissions deciding against them, the Jharkhand Party never lost sight of its ultimate target: a separate state of Jharkhand. Till 1962 Jharkhand Party won between 23-32 seats in the Bihar Assembly. Post 1962 the Jharkhand Party aligned with Congress and Jaipal Singh became a minister in Vinodanand Jha's government in Bihar. With this, the demand for the Tribal Homeland was put on hold for nearly a decade. At the 4th General Election held in 1967 the party had a very poor showing with only eight Assembly seats. The party soon split into several splinter groups each claiming to be the genuine Jharkhand party. These were the All India Jharkhand Party led by Bagun Sumroi, the Jharkhand Party led by N.E. Horo, the Hul Jharkhand Party led by Justin Richard which further fragmented and came to be called the Bihar Progressive Hul Jharkhand Party and it was led by Shibu Soren. The movement was infused with a new radicalism when Santhal leader Shibu Soren formed the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) in league with the Marxist co-ordination Committee in 1972. The party was officially created on the birthday of Birsa Munda, the 19th century tribal warrior of Jharkhand, who fought against the British rule in present-day Jharkhand.〔P. 522 ''Lok Sabha debates'' by India. Parliament. House of the People, India. Parliament. Lok Sabha〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jharkhand Mukti Morcha」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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